The bison herd in Banff National Park has grown to more than 130 animals, marking a significant success for the conservation project in Alberta. The herd has expanded steadily since 16 bison were brought to the park from Elk Island National Park in February 2017.
This reintroduction effort aimed to bring back a species that had been absent from the area for approximately 140 to 160 years following the collapse of their population due to over-hunting in the late 1800s. The initial five-year pilot project, which cost $6.4 million, successfully demonstrated that plains bison could thrive in the mountain environment of the park’s eastern slopes.
The bison currently roam within a 1,200 square kilometre zone. To keep them in this area, officials use a combination of short stretches of wildlife-friendly fencing and low-stress herding techniques. This herd is notable for being only the fifth free-roaming population of this species in the world.
The project involves close collaboration with an Indigenous Advisory Circle, which includes the Siksika Nation, Stoney Nakoda Nations, Kainai Nation, Piikani Nation, Tsuut’ina Nation, and the Otipemisiwak Métis Government. In October 2024, this partnership reached a historic milestone when the first ceremonial bison hunt in 145 years took place.
As the herd grows, officials are working on a long-term management plan. This work includes studying the population size, looking into potential range expansion, and continuing discussions with the Government of Alberta to ensure the animals remain a balanced part of the ecosystem.
